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Cute Baby Clothes       Mahidol University Annual Research Abstracts 2000 643

One new and novel approach to iron supplementation is the use of ferritin, a protein that is involved in the storage of iron and can be found naturally in foods like beans. Newer studies have shown that ferritin supplementation may be able to boost iron levels without the side effects associated with iron supplementation (Theil EC 2004). In one study, a ferritin complex was shown to be effective in children who had anemia that was caused by hemodialysis (Warady BA 2005).

Organic Baby Clothes                     In conclusion, increasing calcium intake enhances bone acquisition in Thai children and adolescents. This acquisition differed according to sites and depended on puberty, sex, age, dietary calcium intake and/or time spent in sport activities. In addition, increasing calcium intake increased mineral content within bone rather than increasing bone size. EFFECT OF DAILY VERSUS INTERMITTENT IRON SUPPLEMENTATION ON IRON STATUS OF THAI INFANTS Nyein Nyein Maw, Pattanee Winichagoon, Emorn Wasantwisut, Chureeporn Chitchumroon-chockchai and Nipa Rojroongwasinkul Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.

Marginal zinc deficiency may be a contributing factor in some cases of anemia. In a study of women with normocytic anemia (i.e., their red blood cells were of normal size) binding capacity (a blood test often used to assess the cause of anemia), combined iron and zinc supplementation significantly improved the anemia, whereas iron or zinc supplemented alone had only slight effects.³² Supplementation with zinc, or zinc and iron together, has been found to improve vitamin A status among children at high risk for deficiency of the three nutrients.³³

Punk Baby Clothes Key words : iron / intermittent supplementation / infants

In one study, 65% of women who were not given extra iron developed iron deficiency during pregnancy, compared with none who received an iron supplement.⁵⁹ However, there is a clear increase in reported side effects with increasing supplement amounts of iron, especially iron sulfate.^{60 61} Supplementation with large amounts of iron has also been shown to reduce blood levels of zinc.⁶² Although the significance of that finding is not clear, low blood levels of zinc have been associated with an increased risk of complications in both the mother and fetus.⁶³

Newborn Baby Clothes                     The hypothesis that weekly iron supplementation is equally effective as daily iron supplementation was addressed. Eighty five apparently healthy fullterm, 4-6 month old infants, were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: daily (GD), 41 and weekly (GW) 44. Infants in GD received 10 mg of elemental iron per day and those in GW got 15mg elemental iron per week, both groups for 18 weeks. Baseline mean haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) and serum ferritin (SF) levels were not statistically different between the two groups. The prevalence of anaemia was 66% in both groups. At the end of supplementation, Hb and PCV significantly increased in both groups but the changes were significantly higher in the daily group. Only daily supplementation improved the FEP and SF. About 40% of the infants in this study have abnormal haemoglobin trait. According to the repeated measure MANOVA results, the weekly supplementation is significantly less effective than the daily supplementation. Initial haemoglobin levels were inversely related to the response. Haemoglobin trait also responded significantly less than normal haemoglobin type in both regimens. However, infants with haemoglobin trait responded well to iron supplementation, 86.7% in GD and 68.1% in GW. The size of response was lower in these infants than those having normal haemoglobin. Nonetheless, both daily and weekly supplementation substantially reduced the prevalence of anaemia. The reduction rates were 92% (GD) and 72% (GW). Lower side effects and higher compliance were detected in the weekly group. Even though, the efficacy is lower, the calculated absorption rate and haemoglobin regeneration efficiency were higher in GW than those of GD, (10.5 vs. 3.74 and 5.15 vs. 1.83). Given the advantages of the weekly supplementation found in this study, it is still worthwhile to explore efficacy of weekly supplementation with a higher dose, or a longer duration of supplementation.

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